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Risk Factors for Suicidal Behaviour
- Based on scientific evidence, these factors increase the likelihood of risk of suicidal behaviour in a particular individual
- Static factors representing actual elements of the individual, his/her environment, culture or circumstance
- These factors may also be triggering or precipitating factors to suicidal behaviour
IMPORTANT - It is important to note that the presence of one or more risk factors does NOT necessarily mean that a person will be at increased risk of suicide. Some individuals have many characteristics that may 'buffer' against the risk of suicide, and these factors are known as 'protective factors'. Examples include rational problem solving abilities, coping strategies, religion, help-seeking behaviours, strong family support networks etc.
Social & Demographic Factors
- Age (25-44, and 65+), gender (male)
- Knowing someone who has suicided
- Low socioeconomic status
- Academic under-achievement (adolescents)
Mental/Medical Health Factors
- Previous suicidal behaviour
- Previous psychiatric care - highest risk following discharge from hospital
- Depression (=anxiety), Substance use, Schizophrenia, Bipolar, Borderline personality disorder, Antisocial/conduct disorders
- Physical problems (comorbidity)
Individual and Personality Factors
- Genetic factors, neuroendocrine and biological processes
- Personality traits such as, neuroticism, rigidity, hopelessness, impulsivity, aggression etc
Environmental/Behavioural Factors
- Life events (including total number of stressful life events such as relationships)
- Legal problems
- Custody and incarceration
- Social isolation
- Unemployment
- Access to methods
- Imitative and contagioius factors (media influences, copycatting)